ANALYSIS OF DEFAULT RISK AMONG FLPP HOME OWNERSHIP FINANCING (PPR) BORROWERS AT PT BANK SUMUT SYARIAH, MARELAN RAYA SUB-BRANCH
Keywords:
Default Risk, Non-Performing Financing, 5C Principles, Subsidized Housing Financing, Islamic Bank, Risk MitigationAbstract
This study is motivated by the rising Non-Performing Financing (NPF) ratio of Housing Ownership Financing (PPR) under the Housing Financing Liquidity Facility (FLPP) scheme at PT Bank Sumut Syariah KCP Marelan Raya, which increased from 0 percent in 2021 to 5.91 percent in 2025, exceeding the 5 percent safety threshold set by the Financial Services Authority. This condition raises fundamental questions regarding the extent of debtor default risk, the underlying factors when examined through the 5C principle (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition of Economy), and the risk mitigation strategies applied by the bank. This research employs a qualitative approach with a single case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Account Officer, the Branch Sub-Office Manager, two non-performing debtors, and one additional informant from the Back Office unit, complemented by non-participant observation and documentation of NPF data, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, strengthened through source, technique, and time triangulation. The results show that of 300 active debtors, eighteen fall under Collectability 3 to 5 (the NPF category), reflecting two conceptually distinct causal patterns: inability to pay due to job termination, and unwillingness to pay (moral hazard), the latter specifically identified among debtors who are civil servants at central government agencies due to the absence of an integrated payroll deduction system. The bank's risk mitigation strategy is gradual in nature, consisting of a preventive stage (5C analysis, document verification, field survey), a monitoring stage (periodic post-disbursement visits), and a curative stage (persuasive collection, warning letters, restructuring, write-off, and collateral auction). This study proposes an initial conceptual shift from static 5C assessment toward a dynamic, behavior-based 5C approach as a complement to the conventional preventive function of the 5C framework.
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